General Studies

The Kushans (1st to 3rd Century A.D.) The prominent Kings of Kushans are: Kujula Kadphises/Kadphises I (15 CE – 64 CE) Vima Kadphises/Wema Kadphises II (64CE – 78 CE) Kanishka (78CE – 101 CE) Kanishka’s Conquests Headless Statue at Mathura why the name Shaka era and not Kushana era? Kanishka and Buddhism Kanishka patronised Significance […]

The Shakas/Scythians The Indo-Greeks were followed by the Shakas or Sakas who belonged to the Central Asian tribe – the Scythians. There were two different groups of Sakas the Northern Satraps ruling from Taxila and the Western satraps ruling over Maharashtra. The history of Shaka rule is known largely through inscriptions and coins. On the

The Indo-Greek kings Indo-Greeks (Bacterian Greeks) were the first foreign rulers of North-Western India in the Post-Maurya period. Indo-Greek rulers have been mentioned as ‘’Yavanas’’ in Indian literature. After the death of Alexander in 323 BCE, many Greeks came to settle on the north-western borders of India with Bactria (presently the northern part of Afghanistan).

The exact reason of invading Kalinga is not known. In the 12th year of his reign and the 8th year of his coronation, in 261 B.C., Asoka invaded Kalinga.

Saptanga Theory of State In Arthashastra, the concept of Saptanga Rajya has been mentioned which means that a state comprises seven interrelated and interlocked angas or prakritis (elements). King (Svamin) Soul of all the seven elements. According to Kautilya, the king was the Dharma Pravakta or promulgator of the social order, as he issued Rajasasana i.e, royal

Introduction The Mauryan Empire, which formed around 321 B.C.E. and ended in 185 B.C.E., was the first pan-Indian empire, an empire that covered most of the Indian region. It spanned across central and northern India as well as over parts of modern-day Iran. Sources of Maurya Empire: The sources of the Maurya period are more varied

Pre-Mauryan Dynasty of Magadh The political conflict among the Mahajanapadas ultimately led to the emergence of Magadha as the most powerful state and the centre of a vast empire. It became the most powerful state in ancient India. Magadha is situated in modern Bihar. Jarasandha, who was a descendant of Brihadratha, founded the empire in

Different Plans for Indian Independence are given in this article. The August Offer Background During the Second World War, the Indian National Congress (INC) leaders were upset with the British government for having pulled India into a war without the consent of the Indians. Lord Linlithgow had declared India to be at war with Germany without consultation.

Indian National Congress Sessions Before Independence The Indian National Congress (INC), founded in 1885, emerged as a pivotal platform for the Indian independence movement against British colonial rule. Throughout its existence, the INC held a series of sessions that significantly shaped the political landscape of India, fostering national unity and articulating the aspirations of the