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IUCN RED List (Critically Endangered Species of India)

IUCN Red List

The IUCN Red List is based upon precise criteria to evaluate the rate of extinction of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. The IUCN red list provides taxonomic data, conservation status, and distribution information on species that are facing a high risk of global extinction.

Purpose of the IUCN Red List Data

The information cited in the IUCN Red List is used by various organizations in the following ways:

International Agreements such as CITES, Ramsar Convention use the Red List data to make important decisions in sync with the status of nature as and when required.
World Bank Group performance standard uses the IUCN Red List data to evaluate the risk of damage to biodiversity due to large-scale infrastructures and global projects.
Zoos and National parks use this information to upgrade important policies like parks regulations from time to time.

categories in the IUCN red list

Following are the 9 categories in the IUCN red list:

Extinct (EX) – No known individuals remaining.

Extinct in the wild (EW) – Known only to survive in captivity, or as a naturalized population outside its historic range.
Critically endangered (CR) – Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
Endangered (EN) – High risk of extinction in the wild.
Vulnerable (VU) – High risk of endangerment in the wild.

Near threatened (NT) – Likely to become endangered soon.
Least concern (LC) – Lowest risk. Does not qualify for a more at-risk category. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category.
Data deficient (DD) – Not enough data to assess its risk of extinction.
Not evaluated (NE) – Has not yet been evaluated against the criteria

IUCN Conservation Plan

The strategy for the conservation of nature by IUCN is as follows:

Assess – Focus on monitoring species and informing the world about the status and trends of biodiversity, thus providing measures for the protection of our biosphere.
Plan – Aims to enhance collaborative and science-based strategies to ensure the most effective species conservation actions.

Act – Improve the status of biodiversity, by mobilizing actions involving governments, educational institutions, civil society, and the private sector.
Communicate – The effectiveness of IUCN’s species conservation work is enhanced through strategic and targeted communications.

Critically Endangered Bird Species (CR)

Critically Endangered Birds

Species	Protection Status	Geographical Range/Habitat	Unique Feature/Remarks
White-bellied Heron	IUCN Status: CR	Foothills of the eastern Himalayas in India and Myanmar	It is mostly solitary and occurs in undisturbed riversides or wetlands.
Siberian Crane	IUCN Status: CR	Arctic tundra Region	They migrate for breeding during Winter to China, Iran and India (Bharatpur) The Siberian crane is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA).
White-rumped Vulture	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I	Gangetic plains of India	India is home to nine species of vultures, but most of them face the danger of extinction. The major reason behind the vulture population getting nearly wiped out was the drug Diclofenac. The government has launched Vulture Conservation 2020-2025 to conserve the vulture in India.
Indian Vulture	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I	Gangetic plains of India
Slender-billed Vulture	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I	Sub-Himalayan regions and Southeast Asia.
Red-headed Vulture	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I	Indian Subcontinent and SouthEast Asia	Also known as the Asian king vulture, Indian black vulture or Pondicherry vulture
Bengal Florican	IUCN Status: CR UN Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix I	Grasslands of the Ganga and Brahmaputra river basin in India and Nepal.	It is a representative or an indicator species of dry grasslands in the Brahmaputra, as well as Ganga.
Himalayan Quail	IUCN Status: CR	State of Uttarakhand	The last population estimate was less than 50 individuals. No sightings have been recorded since 1876.
Jerdon’s Courser	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I	Eastern Ghats	Endemic to Andhra Pradesh.
Pink-headed Duck	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I	Riverine swamps of India, Bangladesh and Myanmar
Sociable Lapwing	IUCN Status: CR	Open grassland in Russia and Kazakhstan	Migrates to Kanwar lake, Bihar (Bihar’s first Ramsar Site) during winter. The bird migrates through the central Asian flyway.
Great Indian Bustard	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I CITES: Appendix I UN Convention on Migratory Species: Appendix I	It usually resides in dry grasslands and scrublands on the Indian subcontinent (especially in Rajasthan, Gujrat, in Pakistan)	It is one of the heaviest flying birds in the world. It is the state bird of Rajasthan. Project Godawan has been launched by Rajasthan Government for its conservation.

Critically Endangered Mammals

Species	Protection Status	Habitat
Malabar Civet	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I CITES Appendix III	Western Ghats
Sumatran Rhinoceros	IUCN Status: CR	They are spread across India, Nepal, Bhutan, Indonesia and Malaysia. Left mainly in Sumatra and Borneo in Indonesia. These countries are also known as Asian Rhino Range Countries.
Javan Rhinoceros	IUCN Status: CR	The three species of Rhino in Asia — Greater one-horned, Javan and Sumatran. Javan and Sumatran Rhino are critically endangered and the Greater one-horned (or Indian) rhino is vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. Only the Great one-horned rhino is found in India.
Large Rock-rat or Elvira Rat	IUCN Status: CR	Tropical dry deciduous shrub land forest, seen in rocky areas.
Namdapha Flying Squirrel	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule II	Found in Arunachal Pradesh in the Namdapha National Park
Asiatic Cheetah	IUCN Status: CR CITES: Appendix I	Open lands, small plains, semi-desert areas, and other open habitats where prey is available. Only 40-50 remain in Iran.
Andaman White-toothed Shrew	IUCN Status: CR	Found on Mount Harriet in the South Andaman Islands
Nicobar Shrew	IUCN Status: CR	Found in the southern tip of Greater Nicobar Island and Campbell Bay National Park
Jenkin’s Shrew	IUCN Status: CR	Found on Wright Myo and Mount Harriet in the South Andaman Islands
Chinese Pangolin	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I CITES: Appendix I	Himalayan foothills in Eastern Nepal, Bhutan, Northern India, North-East Bangladesh and through Southern China.

Critically Endangered Fishes

Species	Protection Status
Pondicherry Shark	IUCN Status: CR
Knifetooth Sawfish	IUCN Status: CR
Narrow snout or Green Sawfish	IUCN Status: CR
Ganges Shark	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I

Critically Endangered Reptiles

Species	Protection Status	Habitat
Fish-eating Crocodile or Gharial	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I CITES Appendix I	Freshwaters of the northern part of India. Primary Habitat: Chambal river The population of Gharials is a good indicator of clean river water.
Four-toed Terrapin	IUCN Red List: CR CITES Appendix I Wildlife Protection Act, Status: Schedule I	Sundarbans eco-region
Red-crowned Roofed Turtle	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I CITES: Appendix II	Currently, the National Chambal River Gharial Sanctuary is the only area with a substantial population
Leatherback	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I	Indo-Pacific
Hawksbill Turtle	IUCN Status: CR Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I

Critically Endangered Amphibians

Species	Protection Status
Anaimalai Flying Frog	IUCN Status: CR
Kerala India Frog	IUCN Status: CR

Endangered Species (EN)

Species	Protection Status	Habitat	Unique Feature/Remarks
Tiger	IUCN Status: EN Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I CITES: Appendix I	Mostly found in 13 Tiger range countries viz.: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam. 70% of Tigers are found in India.	Referred as Flagship and “umbrella species. 52 Tigers reserves in India. India has achieved the TX2 goal, which is a global commitment to double the world’s wild tigers by 2022.
Asiatic lion	IUCN Status: EN Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I CITES: Appendix I	Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is the only abode of the Asiatic lion.	Asiatic lions are slightly smaller than African lions. The most striking morphological character, which is always seen in Asiatic lions, and rarely in African lions, is a longitudinal fold of skin running along its belly.
Gangetic Dolphin	IUCN Status: EN Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I CITES: Appendix I Convention on Migratory Species (CMS): Appendix II	Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems of Nepal, India, and Bangladesh.	Only live in freshwater They are essentially blind and hunt by emitting ultrasonic sounds. They are also called ‘susu’. It is a reliable indicator of the health of the entire river ecosystem. It was recognised as the National Aquatic Animal in 2009, by the Government of India.
Pygmy Hog	IUCN Status: EN Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I CITES: Appendix I	It thrives in wet grassland.Today found mainly in a small population in Assam.	They are the world’s rarest and smallest wild pigs.
Kondana Rat	IUCN Status: EN	Only found in the small Sinhagarh Plateau near Pune in Maharashtra. Tropical and subtropical dry deciduous forests and tropical scrub.	They are nocturnal and live in burrows.
Forest Owlet	IUCN Status: EN CITES: Appendix I	Dry deciduous forest	Endemic to the forests of central India
Red Panda	IUCN Status: EN Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I	Forests of India, Nepal, Bhutan and the northern mountains of Myanmar and southern China. Mixed deciduous and conifer forests with dense understories of bamboo.	The only living member of the genus Ailurus. It is also the state animal of Sikkim.
Nilgiri Tahr	IUCN Status: EN Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I	Open montane grassland habitat of rain forests ecoregion.	Endemic to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern portion of the Western Ghats. It is the state animal of Tamil Nadu Also, called Saddlebacks.

Other Important Species

Species	Protection Status	Habitat	Unique Feature/Remarks
Snow Leopard	IUCN Status: VU Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I CITES: Appendix I	Mountainous regions of central and southern Asia.	Indicator of the health of the mountain ecosystem. Snow Leopard capital of the world: Hemis, Ladakh. Flagship species for the high altitude Himalayas. Project Snow Leopard was launched in 2009 for the conservation of snow leopards.
Pied Cuckoo	IUCN Status: NT	It is found in Africa and Asia.	Pied cuckoo is known for its close association with the monsoon in India. It is a brood parasite i.e. It lays its eggs in nests that belong to other birds. It is one of the few species that come to India in the summer.
Olive Ridley Turtle	IUCN Status: VU Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I CITES: Appendix I	Odisha’s Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary is known as the world’s largest rookery.	The Olive ridley turtles are the smallest and most abundant of all sea turtles found in the world
Amur Falcon	IUCN Status: LC	Southeastern Siberia and northern China	World’s longest travelling raptors. Doyang Lake in Nagaland is better known as a stopover for the Amur falcons Nagaland is also known as the “Falcon Capital of the World”.
Dugong	IUCN Status: VU Wildlife Protection Act Status: Schedule I	Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat.	Only existing species of herbivorous mammals live exclusively in the sea. Dugong is also called ‘Sea Cow’